| PURPOSES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE |
AI developers have one or both of two
motivations: technological and psychological. Some want to make their computers
do a useful task, without caring just how they do it. These may include methods
that people cannot match, such as sensitivity to ultraviolet light, or an
exhaustive search ahead through all the legal chess moves for several steps.
Others want to learn about human minds (or brains). They see their programs as
psychological theories, and avoid methods that humans cannot use.
Psychologists can be helped by AI because
they must state their theories very clearly to express them as programs. If the
program fails to produce the intended results, then the theory must be mistaken,
but the computer run may indicate where the mistake is. If the program succeeds,
it does not follow that people think in the same way: only psychological (or
neurophysiological) evidence can confirm that.
AI is used by financial institutions,
scientists and medical practitioners, design engineers, public transport
schedulers, planning authorities, government departments, and security services,
among many others. AI techniques are also applied in systems used to browse the
Internet and online news and wire services. In the home, AI systems can provide
guidance on gardening, travel, car maintenance, and many other matters; and AI
robots are being developed to assist the disabled.
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