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Tuesday, 13 August 2013

Outputs or errors of given simple program with explanation (21 to 25)


21.  #define square(x) x*x
main()
{
int i;
i = 64/square(4);
printf("%d",i);
}
Answer:
64
Explanation:
the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 64
 
22.  main()
{
char *p="hai friends",*p1;
p1=p;
while(*p!='\0') ++*p++;
printf("%s   %s",p,p1);
}
Answer:
ibj!gsjfoet
            Explanation:
                        ++*p++ will be parse in the given order
·         *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken
·         ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented
·         when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executed
Hence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is ‘h’, which is changed to ‘i’ by executing ++*p and pointer moves to point, ‘a’ which is similarly changed to ‘b’ and so on. Similarly blank space is converted to ‘!’. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes “ibj!gsjfoet” and since p reaches ‘\0’ and p1 points to p thus p1doesnot print anything.

23.  #include <stdio.h>
#define a 10
main()
{
#define a 50
printf("%d",a);
}
Answer:
50
Explanation:
The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So the most recently assigned value will be taken.

24.  #define clrscr() 100
main()
{
clrscr();
printf("%d\n",clrscr());
}
Answer:
100
Explanation:
Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the compiler. So textual replacement of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input  program to compiler looks like this :
                        main()
                        {
                             100;
                             printf("%d\n",100);
                        }
            Note:   
100; is an executable statement but with no action. So it doesn't give any problem

25.  main()
{
printf("%p",main);
}
Answer:
                        Some address will be printed.
Explanation:
            Function names are just addresses (just like array names are addresses).
main() is also a function. So the address of function main will be printed. %p in printf specifies that the argument is an address. They are printed as hexadecimal numbers.


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